In KVM, which pair of methods allows the virtual machine NIC to connect to the physical network?

In KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine), the method for connecting a virtual machine's network interface card (NIC) to a physical network is typically done through bridging and address translation. Bridging allows the virtual NIC to appear as if it is part of the same network segment as the physical NIC. This means the virtual machine can communicate directly with other devices on the same network without needing specialized routing.

Address translation, specifically Network Address Translation (NAT), adds another layer by allowing multiple virtual machines to share a single IP address for outbound connections. This is useful for configurations where you want to manage IP addresses effectively or keep the network settings simpler, as the virtual machines can use private IP addresses internally while still being accessible through a single public IP.

Together, these two methods provide flexibility in managing network configurations within virtual environments, making bridging and address translation a commonly used pair for connecting virtual NICs to physical networks in KVM setups.